Kaliya beddelka waxtarka leh ee isticmaalka antibiyootigga laga bilaabo bakteeriyada jirada ilaa taariikhda waa fajiyo ama bakteeriyada. Waa fayrasyo gaar ah oo si xushmad leh u saameeya noocyada kala duwan ee microbes. Kooxo dhowr ah ayaa loo yaqaanaa daawada, kaas oo bacteriophages lagu kala qaybiyey - noocyada iyo ujeedada maadooyinkaas ayaa aasaas u ah qoondaynta guud ahaan la aqbalo.
Waa maxay bakteeriyada?
Waxaa jira 19 qoys oo fayruus ah oo su'aasha ah. Waxay ku kala duwan yihiin nooca nucleic acid (RNA ama DNA), qaabka genome iyo foomka.
Dhaqanka caafimaadka, bacteriophages waxaa lagu sifeeyay iyada oo la eegayo heerka dhimista bakteeriyada jiran:
- Cagaarshow. Fayruska, helitaanka unugyada microbes, wuxuu bilaabaa inuu si deg deg ah oo firfircoon u dhufto, ku dhowaad isla markiiba wuxuu keenaa dhimashada bakteeriyada (saameynta lytic).
- Dhexdhexaad. Bacteriophages si tartiib ah oo qayb ahaan burburisa qaab-dhismeedka jeermiska cudurada pathogenic, laakiin waxay keenaan isbeddelo aan loo baahnayn, kuwaas oo loo gudbiyo jiilalka soo socda ee microbes (saameynta lysogenic).
Maanta, noocyada lagu sharraxay fayrasyada ayaa loo isticmaalaa sidii loo bedeli lahaa antibiyootiko si loo daaweeyo noocyada kala duwan ee bakteeriyada. Faa'iidooyinka ay ka mid yihiin, waxaa habboon in la xuso faa'iidooyinka soo socda:
- Foomka fudud ee sii deynta. Bacteriophages waxaa lagu soo saaraa kiniin iyo qaabab xal u ah maamulka afka.
- Waxyeellooyin yar oo yar. Si ka duwan sida antibiotics, bakteeriyada ayaa inta badan keena waxyeellada xasaasiyadeed, ha u keenin saameyn taban oo taban.
- Caabbi la'aanta microbial resistance. Bakteeriyadu way adagtahay in ay la qabsadaan fayraska, waxyeellada adagi way ku dhowdahay.
Waxaa jira waxoogaa faa'iido:
- daaweyn dheer oo dheer ah (ilaa 20 cisho);
- Dhibaatooyinka leh xulashada kooxda saxda ah ee daroogada;
- wareejinta unugyada bakteeriyada ee laga helo hal mikrobe illaa mid kale.
Noocyada bakteeriyada iyo isticmaalka
Marka la eego qeexitaanka fayrusyada lagu sharraxay, daawooyinka, bakteeriyada adag iyo bacteriophages adag oo ay ku jiraan noocyo dhawr ah oo ka mid ah jeermiskaas ayaa la door biday.
Halkan, waa maxay bakteeriyada - liiska iyo sharaxa:
- Caloosha. Si dhib leh ayuu u saameeyaa cudurada qandho-xummada, salmonella.
- Dysfag, dufcadda dysentery. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa xanuunka bacterial dysentery, sababta geerida Shigella Sonne iyo Flexner.
- Klebsifag, Klebsiella Pneumonia. Wuxuu ka caawiyaa daaweynta cudurrada nuucyada, dheefshiidka, habka neefsiga, dhirta 'septic pathologies', cudurada qaliinka ee kiciya klebsiella pneumonia .
- Klebsiellezny waxyeello badan. Waa daaweyn adag oo burburiya Klebsiella ma aha oo kaliya pneumonia, laakiin sidoo kale rhinoscleromas, ozena.
- Colitis, haddii. Wax ku ool ah daaweynta cudurada gudaha iyo maqaarka ee uu keeno E. coli enteropathogenic E. coli.
- Coliproteophage, coliprotein. Waxay si xun u saameysaa bakteeriyada isopathogenic Proteus iyo Escherichia. Waxaa loogu talagalay daaweynta cudurrada "colpitis", cystitis, colitis, pyelonephritis iyo cudurrada kale ee lagu riixo ulaha caloosha iyo qanjirada.
- Proteophagus, Protean. Sababta keenta geerida microbes-ga ee macmalka gaarka ah iyo dhirbaaxada, taas oo ah walxaha keena cudurada bararsan ee neefsiga ee xiidmaha.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lysers bakteeriyada pseudomonas aeruginosis. Waxaa lagu talinayaa dysbiosis, iyo sidoo kale daaweynta caabuqa ee nidaamyada jirka ee kala duwan oo ay keentay Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Staphylophage, staphylococcus. Si dhakhso ah ayuu u dhexdhexaadiyaa staphylococci, kuwaas oo la sii daayo sababtoo ah infakshan kasta oo dheecaan leh.
- Streptophagus, streptococcal. Waxay la mid tahay habka ficilka ee bacteriophage hore, laakiin waa firfircoon ka soo horjeedka streptococci.
- Intersti. Waa daaweyn adag oo salmonella, shigella, E. coli , staphylococcus, enterococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa iyo proteus.
- Piopolyphage, piobacteriophage oo wadajir ah. Dhibaatadu waxay la mid tahay noocyada hore, laakiin sidoo kale waxay waxtar u leedahay streptococci.
- Sextapage, polyolent pyobacteriophagous. Intaa waxaa dheer in ay dilaan colon escherichia.
- Piobacteriophage. Isku dar ah fagogarro ee enterococci, streptococci, staphylococci, vulgaris iyo mirabilis proteasis, klebsiella oxytoca iyo pneumonia, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosis.